The U.K. has warned of the threat from targeted spear-phishing campaigns against organizations and individuals carried out by cyber actors based in Russia and Iran.
In an advisory published today, the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) – a part of GCHQ – shared details about the techniques and tactics used by the attackers as well as mitigation advice to combat the continuing threat.
Spear-phishing involves an attacker sending malicious links, for example via email, to specific targets in order to try to induce them to share sensitive information.
The advisory highlights that throughout 2022 separate malicious campaigns were conducted by Russia-based group SEABORGIUM and Iran-based group TA453, also known as APT42, to target a range of organizations and individuals in the U.K. and elsewhere for information-gathering purposes.
The attacks are not aimed at the general public but targets in specified sectors, including academia, defense, government organizations, NGOs, think-tanks, as well as politicians, journalists and activists.
The advisory, based on NCSC understanding and extensive industry reporting, recommends organizations and individuals remain vigilant to approaches and follow the mitigation advice to protect their online accounts from compromise.
Paul Chichester, NCSC Director of Operations, said:
“The UK is committed to exposing malicious cyber activity alongside our industry partners and this advisory raises awareness of the persistent threat posed by spear-phishing attacks,” said Paul Chichester, NCSC Director of Operations. “These campaigns by threat actors based in Russia and Iran continue to ruthlessly pursue their targets in an attempt to steal online credentials and compromise potentially sensitive systems. We strongly encourage organizations and individuals to remain vigilant to potential approaches and follow the mitigation advice in the advisory to protect themselves online.”
This activity is typical of spear-phishing attacks, where the actor undertakes reconnaissance activity around their target to tailor their content before making an approach.
Contact may initially appear benign as the attacker looks to gain targets’ trust and build a rapport, before using typical phishing tradecraft to share malicious links that can lead to credential theft and onward compromise.
The advisory describes how approaches have been made via email, social media and professional networking platforms, with attackers impersonating real-world contacts of their targets, sending false invitations to conferences and events, and sharing malicious links disguised as Zoom meeting URLs.
While the malicious campaigns use similar techniques and have similar targets, the campaigns are separate and the two actors are not collaborating.
If individuals or organizations in the identified sectors recognise the specific and targeted activity described in the advisory, they should report this to the NCSC.
The advisory includes the following advice to mitigate the spear-phishing activity:
- Use strong and separate passwords for your email account
- Turn on multi-factor authentication (also known as 2-step verification, or 2SV)
- Protect your devices and networks by keeping them up to date
- Exercise vigilance
- Enable your email providers’ automated email scanning features
- Disable mail-forwarding
The ‘Think Before You Link’ app, from the U.K. Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure (CPNI), is also designed to help individuals identify malicious online profiles and reduce the risk of being targeted.
