Unanimously adopting a Russian-led resolution on February 12, the council reiterated its deep concern that oilfields, as well as other infrastructure such as dams and power plants controlled by ISIL, ANF and other Al Qaeda-associated groups, “are generating a significant portion of the groups’ income, alongside extortion, private foreign donations, kidnap ransoms and stolen money from the territory they control.”
As such, the council, acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter – which authorizes the use of force – condemned any engagement in direct or indirect trade, in particular of oil and oil products, and modular refineries, with ISIL, ANF and Al Qaeda affiliates, and reiterated that “such engagement would constitute support for such individuals, groups, undertakings and entities and may lead to further listings” by the relevant Sanctions Committee.
The resolution, which bolsters the council’s previous measures to cut off financing for ISIL and its affiliates, reaffirms the existing obligations of member states to “freeze without delay” funds and other financial assets or economic resources of persons who commit, or attempt to commit, terrorist acts.
Coming in the wake of a spate of particularly vicious killings, including the beheading of a Japanese journalist and the immolation of a Jordanian pilot by ISIL in the past two weeks, the council’s resolution reaffirms its condemnation of kidnapping and hostage-taking committed by the groups, further strongly condemns abduction of women and children, and expresses “outrage at their exploitation and abuse, including rape, sexual abuse, forced marriage.”
The resolution also condemns the destruction and smuggling of cultural heritage in Iraq and Syria by ISIS and ANF, “whether such destruction is incidental or deliberate, including targeted destruction of religious sites and objects.” It also noted with concern that the groups are generating income from engaging directly or indirectly in the looting and smuggling of cultural heritage items.
Against thatbackdrop, the council decided “all member states shall take appropriate steps to prevent the trade in Iraqi and Syrian cultural property and other items of … historical, cultural, rare scientific and religious importance illegally removed from Iraq since 6 August 1990 and from Syria since 15 March 2011.”
Encouraging steps to ensure such items are returned to their homelands, the Council called on the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), INTERPOL and other international organizations to assist in such efforts.
The resolution goes on to reaffirm that payment of ransoms to individuals, groups, undertakings or entities on the Al Qaeda Sanctions List, regardless of how or by whom the ransom is paid, is considered a violation of international legal obligations. It calls upon all UN member states to encourage private sector partners to adopt or to follow relevant guidelines and good practices for preventing and responding to terrorist kidnappings without paying ransom. Concerned at the role of external donations in developing and sustaining ISIS and ANF, the council urges States to take steps to ensure that financial institutions within their territory prevent these groups from accessing the international financial system.
Just after the resolution was adopted, UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova welcomed the measure’s explicit condemnation of destruction of cultural heritage and its approval of legally-binding measures to counter illicit trafficking of antiquities and cultural objects from Iraq and Syria.
Calling the resolution a “milestone for enhanced protection of cultural heritage in Iraq and Syria,” she said that pillage and destruction of the countries’ culture has reached an unprecedented scale. “It fuels the conflict by providing revenues for armed groups and terrorists. This resolution acknowledges that cultural heritage stands on the front line of conflicts today, and it should be placed on the front line of the security and political response to the crisis,” she added.
Editor’s note: The Feb/March issue of Homeland Security Today will include a feature on terrorism financing.
